
The change in voltage is defined as the work done per unit charge, so it can be in general calculated from the electric field by calculating the work done against the electric field. In the more general case where the electric field and angle can be changing, the expression must be generalized to a line integral: More detail on variable field It depends on the initial and final stage of the system as well. According to Hooke’s Law, the potential energy of the spring is equal to the work done by the spring. Work done by a system is equal to the area enclosed between the P-V curve and the volume axis. A second, shorter qualifying session will run on Saturday morning replacing the second one-hour practice session and set the grid for the Sprint.

For calculating the potential energy of a spring, we use Hooke’s Law. If the distance moved, d, is not in the direction of the electric field, the work expression involves the scalar product: We use the work done by the spring formula to calculate this force. In the case of constant electric field when the movement is directly against the field, this can be written The change in voltage is defined as the work done per unit charge against the electric field. HyperPhysics***** Electricity and Magnetism

Think about why each of the following statements is true. Some things that we typically consider to be work are not work in the scientific sense of the term. Work, W, is described by the equation W f d. The work done by an object is equal to the dot product of force and the displacement vector.

